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初中英语阅读理解有什么阶梯技巧?

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标签: 阅读理解 初中英语 技巧
老师回答

1.通读全文,掌握大意

做阅读理解题一定要先快速阅读全文,从整体上理解短文的大意和中心思想,领会出题人的出题意图。不要断章取义,看一句或几句就做一个题目,这样很容易影响答题的正确率。对于一些长句和难句要作语法分析,以便掌握短文的大意和每个句子的确切含义。一篇短文的开头和结尾一般是对全文内容的概括,大家可以先看一下。

2.根据内容,推测词意

阅读时会遇到生词,要先跳过去,然后继续通读全文,不要长时间抠词意,影响了对全文大意的理解。遇到生词也不要急躁,只要知道这词是人名、地名或是什么词性就行了。虽然有些生词我们不认识,但是还是能通过全文推测出词的意思。

3.细审题意,获取信息

认真审阅短文后面的理解题。在审题时要弄清楚试题问的是细节还是主题大意;是故事事实还是文章观点;是从正面问还是从反面问。看清题后,带着问题再回到原文中去寻找相关的句子、段落,获取重要的信息。然后把找到的信息点与所给的答案一个一个的进行的比较,做出正确的判断。

4.通看全文,验证答案

在做阅读题时,不要寻求答案,写出答案,而是要把文章再仔细的再看一遍,带着刚确定的信息,纵观全文,最后验证自己的答案到底正确与否,是否符合文章的故事情节和中心思想,然后写下自己选择的答案。

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    英文信函分为混合式和齐头式。

    混合式:每一段的首行缩进两格。落款在信末中间靠右下的位置。 齐头式:信的所有内容都靠左,段与段之间空一行。

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    (2)编号和日期 The reference number and the date

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    日期通常打印在信头的右下方位置,或在寄信人姓名和地址的下方位置。日期的英式写法是日、月、年;美式写法是月、日、年。为了避免误解,日期、年份用数字表示,月份则用英文表示,第一个字母要大写,也可用缩写。比如May,1998(美式写法);1,May,1998(英式写法)。

    (3)信内地址 The inside address

    与信封上的收信人名称和地址相同,通常打印在信纸的左侧,低于日期位置2—4行,也可在签字位置下2—4行。

    书写收信单位名称时,应特别尊重对方的习惯,不能随意增删公司名称前的冠词The,也不能随意改用繁写及缩写,如Company与Co.之间不能互换,否则会被认为是不礼貌的行为。收信人地处的书写格式与信封相同。

    (4)称谓 The salutation

    在英文信函中,相同于“阁下”、“先生”等类礼貌性称谓,常用Dear sirs”;称呼企业,公司的妇女组织常用Madams,Ladies;无具体收信人姓名用Dear Sir or Madam 称呼收信者。

    收信人是个人,就应在收信人姓名之前加称谓,如Mr.(先生),Mrs.(夫人),Miss(小姐),Hon(用于称呼市长、部长、大使等),Pres.(总经理、会长、总统等),Prof.(教授)等等。

    (5)开头语The open sentences

    开头语没有统一的格式,但习惯上先用客套的语句把收到对方来信的日期,主题及简单内容加以综

    合叙述,使对方一目了然这是答复哪一封去信的。如果是第一次通信,也可以利用开头语作必要的自我介绍,并表明目的要求。开头语一般与正文分开,自成一节,要求简单明了。

    (6)正文 The body of the letter

    正文的地位和内容与中文书信相同。在英文商业信函中,信文从称谓下两行起书写,行间相距一行,段落间空两行。信文以占信纸的四分之三为宜,四周留出一定空白,每一行左起第一字要取齐,右起第一字不必一律取齐,但尽量要考虑到整齐美观。

    (7)结尾语The closing sentences

    结尾语一般用来总结文本所谈的事项,提示对收信人的要求,如“希望来信来函定货”,“答复询问”等,另外也附加一些略带客套的语气。正文结束后,另起一段写结尾语。

    (8)结束语 The complimentary close

    英文商业信函的结尾是写信人的谦称,相当于“敬上”的意思。若收信者为公司,谦称则常用:Yours Truly,Truly Yours,Yours faithfully等;若收信者为个人,则常用:Yours sincerely,Sincerely yours等。需要注意的是,结尾的.谦称后必须加逗号。

    (9)签署 The signature

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    需要指出的是,写信人如要代表企业单位或代理签署时,应在结尾谦称下打印出全部大写的企业单位名称,然后才签署,以表明该信不是以写信人个人身份写的,信由所述事宜均由企业单位负责。

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    如果信中有附件,应在左下角注明Encl. 或Enc.。

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    It is natural that difficulties hide in every corner of our life,so we have to face them at times.Whatever we have undergone in our life, we shouldn't complain about it. We may get a lot or lose so much in our life journey, but keeping a positive attitude should always be together with us. Nothing can defeat us if we are confident and diligent. Just as saying goes, God is equal to everyone. As he closes the door, he will also open a window for us.

    Many of us have seen a picture on the Internet of a man with a nice smile is struggling along with the aid of a stick because of losing one of his feet,and another man is sitting on the ground without shoes on his feet,looking anxious and depressed.How different the expressions flitting across their faces are!At the bottom of the drawing says”Because I have no shoes,I keep complaining until I find another man who has lost one of his feet.”

    What an impressive drawing it is in revealing different attitudes toward life!A person's attitude towards life is very important, it determines your life, which path you are taking and how your life will become. if you are a person with very strong positive outlook, no matter what difficulties you encounter, you will always look at the bright side of life and never give up easily. Take Thomas Edison as an example.Before inventing the electric bulb,he had tried thousands of materials for lamp filament,but failed.Despite others’ laughing at him.he said,”I am not a failure,at least I have proved these materials are not fit for filament.”Before long he invented electric bulb.

    The most frequent example you see are those patients or people that are handicapped or suffering from some type of illness like cancer. They do not give up any glimpse of hope and continue fighting till they their last breathe. Even those very determined handicapped,they do not blame the world for their disable. Instead, they are contented and blessed with all the rest the have, their family , friends and those who support them greatly. Those handicapped with negative attitude towards life will feel that the world is unfair and they life in misery and always feel that they are unless and unwanted.

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