练好英语听力，可通过以下方法：

①听力与阅读是相通的，必须有大量且牢固的英语词汇量基础;

②告别哑巴式英语，在背单词、读课文的时候一定要读出声音来。同时，注意发音要标准;

③拒绝中式英译法，增加自己的英文句子储备，养成英语思维。

英文信函分为混合式和齐头式。

混合式：每一段的首行缩进两格。落款在信末中间靠右下的位置。 齐头式：信的所有内容都靠左，段与段之间空一行。

英文信函的习惯用法，由以下几个方面组成：

(1)信头 The heading

信头是指信纸上印刷或打印的企业名称、厂称、地址、电话号码、电报挂号、主管人姓名等。通常情况下，公司都会专门印制带有信头的信笺纸，包括发信人的姓名，地址，电话，传真等。当我们撰写传统信件时，直接使用这种信笺纸就可以。

(2)编号和日期 The reference number and the date

方便以后查信使用。Your ref: (你方编号) Our ref: (我方编号)

日期通常打印在信头的右下方位置，或在寄信人姓名和地址的下方位置。日期的英式写法是日、月、年;美式写法是月、日、年。为了避免误解，日期、年份用数字表示，月份则用英文表示，第一个字母要大写，也可用缩写。比如May，1998(美式写法);1，May，1998(英式写法)。

(3)信内地址 The inside address

与信封上的收信人名称和地址相同，通常打印在信纸的左侧，低于日期位置2—4行，也可在签字位置下2—4行。

书写收信单位名称时，应特别尊重对方的习惯，不能随意增删公司名称前的冠词The，也不能随意改用繁写及缩写，如Company与Co.之间不能互换，否则会被认为是不礼貌的行为。收信人地处的书写格式与信封相同。

(4)称谓 The salutation

在英文信函中，相同于“阁下”、“先生”等类礼貌性称谓，常用Dear sirs”;称呼企业，公司的妇女组织常用Madams，Ladies;无具体收信人姓名用Dear Sir or Madam 称呼收信者。

收信人是个人，就应在收信人姓名之前加称谓，如Mr.(先生)，Mrs.(夫人)，Miss(小姐)，Hon(用于称呼市长、部长、大使等)，Pres.(总经理、会长、总统等)，Prof.(教授)等等。

(5)开头语The open sentences

开头语没有统一的格式，但习惯上先用客套的语句把收到对方来信的日期，主题及简单内容加以综

合叙述，使对方一目了然这是答复哪一封去信的。如果是第一次通信，也可以利用开头语作必要的自我介绍，并表明目的要求。开头语一般与正文分开，自成一节，要求简单明了。

(6)正文 The body of the letter

正文的地位和内容与中文书信相同。在英文商业信函中，信文从称谓下两行起书写，行间相距一行，段落间空两行。信文以占信纸的四分之三为宜，四周留出一定空白，每一行左起第一字要取齐，右起第一字不必一律取齐，但尽量要考虑到整齐美观。

(7)结尾语The closing sentences

结尾语一般用来总结文本所谈的事项，提示对收信人的要求，如“希望来信来函定货”，“答复询问”等，另外也附加一些略带客套的语气。正文结束后，另起一段写结尾语。

(8)结束语 The complimentary close

英文商业信函的结尾是写信人的谦称，相当于“敬上”的意思。若收信者为公司，谦称则常用：Yours Truly，Truly Yours，Yours faithfully等;若收信者为个人，则常用：Yours sincerely，Sincerely yours等。需要注意的是，结尾的.谦称后必须加逗号。

(9)签署 The signature

签署由两部分组成，一是写信人的签名，二是打印出的写信人的姓名。签名用钢笔或圆珠笔写在结尾谦称下5行的位置内。尽量不要用印章，用印章的话，说明该信件并非本人亲自过目，只是通函而已，不为人重视。为易于辨认，在签名下还应打印姓名，有时还将职衔一并打印。常见的职衔有：Chairman of the Board of directors(董事长)，President或Genera1 Manager(总经理)，Director(董事)，Stand Director(常务董事)，Manager(经理)，Head of Department(职员)，Manageress(女经理)，Head of a Department(处长)，Section chief(科长)等。

需要指出的是，写信人如要代表企业单位或代理签署时，应在结尾谦称下打印出全部大写的企业单位名称，然后才签署，以表明该信不是以写信人个人身份写的，信由所述事宜均由企业单位负责。

(10)附件 Enclosure

如果信中有附件，应在左下角注明Encl. 或Enc.。

It is natural that difficulties hide in every corner of our life,so we have to face them at times.Whatever we have undergone in our life, we shouldn't complain about it. We may get a lot or lose so much in our life journey, but keeping a positive attitude should always be together with us. Nothing can defeat us if we are confident and diligent. Just as saying goes, God is equal to everyone. As he closes the door, he will also open a window for us.

Many of us have seen a picture on the Internet of a man with a nice smile is struggling along with the aid of a stick because of losing one of his feet,and another man is sitting on the ground without shoes on his feet,looking anxious and depressed.How different the expressions flitting across their faces are!At the bottom of the drawing says”Because I have no shoes,I keep complaining until I find another man who has lost one of his feet.”

What an impressive drawing it is in revealing different attitudes toward life!A person's attitude towards life is very important, it determines your life, which path you are taking and how your life will become. if you are a person with very strong positive outlook, no matter what difficulties you encounter, you will always look at the bright side of life and never give up easily. Take Thomas Edison as an example.Before inventing the electric bulb,he had tried thousands of materials for lamp filament,but failed.Despite others’ laughing at him.he said,”I am not a failure,at least I have proved these materials are not fit for filament.”Before long he invented electric bulb.

The most frequent example you see are those patients or people that are handicapped or suffering from some type of illness like cancer. They do not give up any glimpse of hope and continue fighting till they their last breathe. Even those very determined handicapped,they do not blame the world for their disable. Instead, they are contented and blessed with all the rest the have, their family , friends and those who support them greatly. Those handicapped with negative attitude towards life will feel that the world is unfair and they life in misery and always feel that they are unless and unwanted.

All in all,it is our attitudes that have changed everything in our life and help us to pull through all hardships.So we should strive to develop a positive attitude toward life and the world.It is convinced that only when we are equipped with optimism and confidence can we achieve success in the future.