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英语词性的缩写有哪些?

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标签: 英语词性缩写 英语
老师回答

ad = 副词,adverb的缩写

art = 冠词,article的缩写

num = 数词,numeral的缩写

prep = 介系词;前置词,preposition的缩写

pron = 代名词,pronoun的缩写

n = 名词,noun的缩写

ad = 副词,adverb的缩写

art = 冠词,article的缩写

num = 数词,numeral的缩写

v = 动词,兼指及物动词和不及物动词,verb的缩写

conj = 连接词 ,conjunction的缩写

vi = 不及物动词,intransitive verb的缩写

vt = 及物动词,transitive verb的缩写

aux.v = 助动词 ,auxiliary的缩写

a = 形容词,adjective的缩写

int = 感叹词,interjection的缩写

u = 不可数名词,uncountable noun的缩写

c = 可数名词,countable noun的缩写

pl = 复数,plural的缩写

s = 主词

sc = 主词补语

o = 受词

oc = 受词补语

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    英文商务信函写作格式是什么?
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    英文信函分为混合式和齐头式。

    混合式:每一段的首行缩进两格。落款在信末中间靠右下的位置。 齐头式:信的所有内容都靠左,段与段之间空一行。

    英文信函的习惯用法,由以下几个方面组成:

    (1)信头 The heading

    信头是指信纸上印刷或打印的企业名称、厂称、地址、电话号码、电报挂号、主管人姓名等。通常情况下,公司都会专门印制带有信头的信笺纸,包括发信人的姓名,地址,电话,传真等。当我们撰写传统信件时,直接使用这种信笺纸就可以。

    (2)编号和日期 The reference number and the date

    方便以后查信使用。Your ref: (你方编号) Our ref: (我方编号)

    日期通常打印在信头的右下方位置,或在寄信人姓名和地址的下方位置。日期的英式写法是日、月、年;美式写法是月、日、年。为了避免误解,日期、年份用数字表示,月份则用英文表示,第一个字母要大写,也可用缩写。比如May,1998(美式写法);1,May,1998(英式写法)。

    (3)信内地址 The inside address

    与信封上的收信人名称和地址相同,通常打印在信纸的左侧,低于日期位置2—4行,也可在签字位置下2—4行。

    书写收信单位名称时,应特别尊重对方的习惯,不能随意增删公司名称前的冠词The,也不能随意改用繁写及缩写,如Company与Co.之间不能互换,否则会被认为是不礼貌的行为。收信人地处的书写格式与信封相同。

    (4)称谓 The salutation

    在英文信函中,相同于“阁下”、“先生”等类礼貌性称谓,常用Dear sirs”;称呼企业,公司的妇女组织常用Madams,Ladies;无具体收信人姓名用Dear Sir or Madam 称呼收信者。

    收信人是个人,就应在收信人姓名之前加称谓,如Mr.(先生),Mrs.(夫人),Miss(小姐),Hon(用于称呼市长、部长、大使等),Pres.(总经理、会长、总统等),Prof.(教授)等等。

    (5)开头语The open sentences

    开头语没有统一的格式,但习惯上先用客套的语句把收到对方来信的日期,主题及简单内容加以综

    合叙述,使对方一目了然这是答复哪一封去信的。如果是第一次通信,也可以利用开头语作必要的自我介绍,并表明目的要求。开头语一般与正文分开,自成一节,要求简单明了。

    (6)正文 The body of the letter

    正文的地位和内容与中文书信相同。在英文商业信函中,信文从称谓下两行起书写,行间相距一行,段落间空两行。信文以占信纸的四分之三为宜,四周留出一定空白,每一行左起第一字要取齐,右起第一字不必一律取齐,但尽量要考虑到整齐美观。

    (7)结尾语The closing sentences

    结尾语一般用来总结文本所谈的事项,提示对收信人的要求,如“希望来信来函定货”,“答复询问”等,另外也附加一些略带客套的语气。正文结束后,另起一段写结尾语。

    (8)结束语 The complimentary close

    英文商业信函的结尾是写信人的谦称,相当于“敬上”的意思。若收信者为公司,谦称则常用:Yours Truly,Truly Yours,Yours faithfully等;若收信者为个人,则常用:Yours sincerely,Sincerely yours等。需要注意的是,结尾的.谦称后必须加逗号。

    (9)签署 The signature

    签署由两部分组成,一是写信人的签名,二是打印出的写信人的姓名。签名用钢笔或圆珠笔写在结尾谦称下5行的位置内。尽量不要用印章,用印章的话,说明该信件并非本人亲自过目,只是通函而已,不为人重视。为易于辨认,在签名下还应打印姓名,有时还将职衔一并打印。常见的职衔有:Chairman of the Board of directors(董事长),President或Genera1 Manager(总经理),Director(董事),Stand Director(常务董事),Manager(经理),Head of Department(职员),Manageress(女经理),Head of a Department(处长),Section chief(科长)等。

    需要指出的是,写信人如要代表企业单位或代理签署时,应在结尾谦称下打印出全部大写的企业单位名称,然后才签署,以表明该信不是以写信人个人身份写的,信由所述事宜均由企业单位负责。

    (10)附件 Enclosure

    如果信中有附件,应在左下角注明Encl. 或Enc.。

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