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本试卷共14页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。
I. CAREFUL READING
Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points, 2 points each)
Passage 1
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
A head track coach, Bill Bowerman, designed a pair of lighter shoes with better support and greater strength and sent the design to leading sporting-goods companies. They all turned him down.
The rejections brought Bowerman face to face with his own philosophy of“competitive response.”He had taught his sportsmen to value competition not so much for its prizes as for its intellectual and spiritual satisfaction. This was true of his determination to make the shoes himself.转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
He made his first pair of track shoes light and graceful. His runners won in his hand-made shoes. But who would like to manufacture such shoes?
In 1962, Knight, one of Bowerman’s sportsmen, offered to travel to Japan and called on one of Japan’s best manufacturers of sports shoes. The manufacturer promised to produce shoes of his design and Knight’s company would be their only distributor in the U.S. A year later, a shipment of 200 Bowerman shoes arrived in Oregon.
At first, Knight and Bowerman worked with a small team and went selling out of cars at track meets. But slowly, the running world got to know the secret of their product.
Then in 1972, the Japanese company cut off all supplies to their company and established a separate distribution network in the U.S. In 30 days Knight succeeded in finding a new manufacturer. And today the company takes the largest share in the shoe business. You ask me the brand name of the shoes? It’s Nike, named after the Greek Goddess of Victory.
Bowerman, Knight and the Nike team have a firm belief that a shared responsibility requires outstanding individual performance and a willingness to contribute that performance to the group.
1. The new track shoes designed by Bowerman ______.
A. helped develop his team’s athletic skills
B. helped improve his runners’ performance
C. opened up the Japanese sports shoes market
D. opened up the American sports shoes market
2. Bowerman’s response to competition is related to sportsmen’s ______.
A. team spirit B. spiritual needs
C. material rewards D. prize winning
3. According to the passage, Bowerman shoes were first sold by ______.
A. the shoe manufacturer in Japan
B. Knight, Bowerman and their team
C. a leading sporting-goods company in Japan
D. a leading sporting-goods company in America
4. The difficulty Knight ran into in 1972 arose from ______.
A. the rejection of the shoe design
B. the quality problem of the shoes转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
C. the competition from other companies
D. the Japanese company’s new decision
5. The success of the Nike team lies in ______.
A. the manufacturer’s philosophy
B. the fashionable design of the shoes
C. their cooperation with a foreign company
D. their individual performance and teamwork
Passage 2
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.
Seventeenth-century houses in colonial North America were simple structures that were primarily functional, carrying over traditional designs that went back to the Middle Ages. During the first half of the eighteenth century, however, houses began to show a new elegance. As wealth increased, more and more colonists built fine houses.
Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies, the design of buildings was left to carpenters who undertook to interpret architectural manuals imported from England. There are an astonishing number of these handbooks for builders in colonial libraries, and the houses erected during the eighteenth century show their influence. Most domestic architecture of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century displayed a wide range of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books.
Increasing wealth throughout the colonies resulted in houses of improved design, whether the material was wood, stone or brick. New England still favored wood, though brick houses became common in Boston and other towns, where the danger of fire forced people to use more durable material. A few houses in New England were built of stone, but only in Pennsylvania and its neighboring areas was stone widely used in dwellings. An increased use of bricks is noticeable in
Virginia and Maryland, but wood remained the most popular material even in houses built by wealthy landowners. In the Carolinas, even in the crowded town of Charleston, wooden houses were much more common than brick houses.
Eighteenth-century houses showed great interior improvements over their predecessors. Windows were made larger and shutters removed. Large, clear panes replaced the gray glass of the seventeenth century. Doorways were larger and more decorative. Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms. Walls were sometimes elaborately decorated. White paint began to take the place of blue, yellow, green and gray colors, which had been popular for walls in the earlier years. After about 1730, advertisements for wallpaper styles in scenic patterns began to appear in colonial newspapers.