自学英语(二)常考单词及重要解析第三章

1、loyalty n.the quality of being faithful in your support of somebody/something忠诚;忠实;忠心耿耿

eg:We all have a loyalty to the company.我们对公司都有效忠的义务。

衍生

loyal adj.true and faithful忠诚的;忠贞的

用法：~to sb./sth.

eg:remain loyal to one's principles信守自己的原则

2、befriend v.to become a friend of somebody,especially somebody who needs your help做朋友;友善相待

eg:They befriended the young girl,providing her with food and shelter.他们热心地照顾这个年轻的姑娘，给她吃的﹑给她住处。

构词be-改变词性的前缀

加在名词或形容词前，构成及物动词

friend n.朋友→befriend v.友好对待

calm n.镇静→becalm v.使镇静

head n.头→behead v.砍头

little adj.小的→belittle v.轻视;贬低

3、notoriety n.fame for being bad in some way恶名;坏名声

eg:His crimes earned him considerable notoriety.他因犯罪而声名狼藉。

衍生

notorious adj.(derog.贬)well-known for some bad quality,deed,etc.臭名昭着的;声名狼藉的

用法：~for/as sth.

eg:a notorious criminal/area天怒人怨的罪犯/地区

She's notorious for her wild behaviour.她因行为野蛮而知名。

相近词

4、fame n.being known or talked about by many people名声;名气

eg:The young musician rose quickly to fame.那个年轻的音乐家很快就出了名。

famous adj.known to very many people;celebrated出名的;著名的

eg:New York is famous for its skyscrapers.纽约以其摩天大楼驰名。

well-known adj.known by a lot of people著名的

eg:Paris is well-known for its rich culture.巴黎以其丰富的文化而著名。

5、exploit v.to treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for yourself利用(……为自己谋利)

eg:They exploited her generosity shamelessly.他们无耻地利用了她的慷慨。

其他词义

use,work or develop fully(esp.mines and other natural resources)利用或开发(尤指矿藏和其他自然资源)

eg:exploit oil reserves,water power,solar energy,etc.开发石油资源、开发水利资源、利用太阳能等

衍生

exploitable adj.that can be exploited可利用的;可开发的

eg:few exploitable coal-mines少量可开采的煤矿

exploitation n.exploiting or being exploited利用;开发

eg:full exploitation of oil wells充分利用油井资源

6、generation n.all the people who were born at about the same time(统称)一代人，同代人，同辈人

eg:experience handed down from generation to generation世代相传的经验

其他词义产生;发生

eg:the generation of electricity by steam or water-power蒸汽或水力发电

衍生

generate v.cause(sth.)to exist or occur;produce使(某物)存在或发生;产生

eg:generate heat,electricity,power,etc.产生热﹑电﹑动力等

hatred generated by racial prejudice种族偏见引起的仇恨

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