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学位英语考试自测习题及答案二十五
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We have quite a bit of information about ancient Egyptian medicine. Doctors' instructions have been found to tell us 56 they did for the sick and the injured. 57 many of the treatments included magic, ancient Egyptians used plant leaves and other methods to treat many 58 .
Religion, magic and medicine were 59 related in ancient Egypt. Some priests (牧师) were specially 60 as doctors to 61 the sick and the injured. Doctors were held to a high moral standard. Patients was treated with 62 and their 63 information was highly secret. The highest-ranking doctors were priests of the goddess Sekhmet, 64 controlled illnesses. Doctors spent a part of each year 65 the goddess. Doctors were thought to be 66 to the gods and able to ask them for healing.
Temples were centers for healing. 67 a person was ill, he or she would come to the temple or 68 a doctor for a diagnosis (诊断). A(n) 69 problem was treated with medicine, prayer and magic. If a clear cause was not 70 , the diagnosis would be that the illness was caused by an evil spirit or cUrse. The doctor would use magic spells to 71 a cure. 72 , a diagnosis could not be reached. 73 this case, a patient would be told to rest for a period of time 74 another examination could be 75.
56. A. what B. why C. that D. which
【答案】A。答案:考察连词、考察从句。分清楚是什么类型的从句是关键,从句接在tell us 后面,我们知道,tell 需要接双宾语,所以这里就应该是一个宾语从句。
从句they did for the sick and the injured.没有完整,缺少宾语(did是一个及物动词),排除B与C选项;which 前面应该有所指代,而原文中没有提供,排除。因此选择what。
57. A. When B. Since C. Although D. After
【答案】C。答案: 关键词:magic,和 plant leaves and other methods,是不一样的治疗方法,所以前后应该是转折关系。句意“尽管许多治疗方法都包含着巫术在里面,但是古埃及人也用植物的叶子和其他方法治疗疾病”,选择转折关系although。
58. A. damages B. diseases C. disasters D. destructions
【答案】B。答案:此题目充分利用切题解题法:此文章讲述:医生、治疗方法、巫术….当然空格处与treat“治疗”匹配的只能是: “疾病”diseases。
一网支招:诸如此类的题目应该是越做越容易,因为我们对文章大意已经有了一个大致的了解了。
59. A. hardly B. closely C. mainly D. shortly
【答案】B。答案:我们已经有了这样的信息:古代埃及的治疗方法比较多,当然也包含巫术(与咱们中国,是何其相似,可能是都是四大文明古国的原因吧,烧香拜佛,祈求无病无灾哩)
关键词:related “有关系的”,空格处填入的词语修饰related,表达的意思讲述关系怎么样了。根据以上信息,巫术与医术的关系是紧密的,表示紧密联系closely related。
同时也可以利用我们的常识储备,轻轻松松弄出答案来:医术与巫术的关系是紧密的,下文也有暗示信息。
60. A. trained B. designed C. planned D. studied
【答案】A。答案:关键词:as“作为”, some priests (牧师) were specially 60 as doctors to 61 the sick and the injured.。牧师被_____作为医生,所以句子意思就成为了:牧师(似乎与医生无关的人)变成了医生。角色的转变,当然需要train训练,培养。
61. A. look to B. come to C. care for D. search for
【答案】C。答案:承上启下,顺理成章,医生与病人的关系是治疗与照顾的关系。考察动词短语,care for sb。照顾,照料……。
62. A. reputation B. inspection C. fame D. respect
【答案】D。答案:此题目要与63小题结合一起来完成,63小题后面的关键词:information was highly secret.所以我们看到此类关键词,利用常识储备,我们自然而然脱口而出了:病人的隐私是高度机密的,说明病人是受到尊敬的,选择respect“尊敬,尊重”。
63. A. ill B. own C. hidden D. personal
【答案】D。答案:承上启下,空格处表达:个人信息、隐私personal information。当今社会,学员朋友对personal information这个词语应该是不陌生的!甚至能够脱口而出,此题目的答案。
64. A. that B. which C. who D. what
【答案】C。答案:考察连词与从句。首先分清楚什么从句,是关键。priests of the goddess Sekhmet, ______controlled illnesses.,从句接在名词后面,是一个定语从句,且定语从句不完整,缺少主语。首先排除D选项,因为what不引导定语从句。因为空格处前面的逗号,排除A选项(that不引导非限制定语从句),先行词是the goddess Sekhmet,指人,用who。
65. A. serving B. reading C. learning D. following
【答案】A。答案:直译一下空格处所在的句子,答案就一目了然了:医生每年花费一定的时间_____神。一一带入选项,只有A选项,合符题意:serve the god/goddess侍奉神明。也与前面的信息相吻合了:巫术也是一种治疗方法。故而切题。
66. A. careful B. generous C. mean D. close
【答案】D。答案:承上启下,顺理成章,于是医生就与神走到一起了:根据句意,医生们被认为和神明很亲近,选择close,近的。同时这也是59小题的暗示信息。
67. A. Before B. When C. Until D. Since
【答案】B。答案:此类题目应该没有多少技术含量可言,我们只要把句子弄通顺就ok了。因为这绝对是状语从句之类的句子。选项中没有出现定语从句和名词性从句的引导词。应该来说相对容易。当一个人生病的时候……,选择when。
68. A. think over B. apply to C. call for D. make up
【答案】C。答案:承上启下,人生病,当然得请医生。考察动词短语意思,call for a doctor邀请一个医生。
再者:he or she would come to the temple or_______ a doctor for a diagnosis (诊断).千万千万注意此处的关键词:or,表达选择关系,he是指代病人。生病后,要么去寺庙,要么____。根据前面的信息:古代埃及的治疗方法分为两类:巫术和医术。答案不就明摆着了吗?要么请医生。
69. A. serious B. internal C. odd D. obvious
【答案】D。答案:A(n) _____ problem was treated with medicine, prayer and magic. If a clear cause was not 一种_____病用医术治疗,根据下文,下文提到难治的病,这里就应该说的是“明显的”问题是怎么治疗的,选择obvious明显的。
70小题前面的关键词:clear“清楚的”,也是本小题的暗示信息。我们至此就可以这么理解了:容易治疗的病,就用医术,疑难杂症就用巫术治疗。
70. A. treated B. discovered C. cured D. aroused
【答案】B。承上启下,考察动词词义,discover发现,如果病因没有被“发现”,那么只有求助神明了。(与我们中国的传统何其相似)
71. A. bring about B. set out C. insist on D. make up
【答案】A。答案:承上启下,顺理成章,考察动词词组,bring about带来,引起。答案是A。
72. A. Subsequently B. Consequently C. Occasionally D. Hopefully
【答案】C。答案:关键词:______, a diagnosis could not be reached,即没有reach,没有疗效,即巫术有时候也不凑效(神明也有打盹的时候),与之匹配的选项C。偶尔会查不出病因,occasionally偶尔,间或符合题意。
73. A. With B. In C. For D. On
【答案】B。答案:此时怎么办?考察固定搭配,in this case在这种情况下。
74. A. until B. when C. although D. because
【答案】A。答案:承上启下,怎么办?回家休息一段时间。根据句意,病人被要求休息一段时间直到进行另外的检查,因此选择until。
75. A. decided B. performed C. carried D. discussed
【答案】B。答案:考察动词词义,perform实施,执行。
【全文翻译】
我们对古埃及的医术有着很深的认识。我们发现了那些医师的手册,它们告诉我们他们是怎样治疗病人和伤者的。尽管许多治疗方法都包含着巫术在里面,但是古埃及人也用植物的叶子和其他方法来治疗许多疾病。
宗教,巫术和医学在古埃及是紧密相连的。一些牧师经过特殊训练成为医生来照顾生病的,受伤的人。医生们是受很高的道德标准要求的。病人们受到尊敬,他们的个人信息都是高度保密的。那些等级最高的医生是信奉控制疾病的女神Sekhmet的牧师。医生们每年要花一些时间侍奉这个女神。人们认为医生们是离神明很近的,因此可以请求神明治愈疾病。
神庙是治疗疾病的中心。当一个人生病了,他可以去神庙,也可以邀请一位医生来给他诊断。一些明显的问题用医药,祷告和巫术来治疗。如果没有发现清楚的病因,诊断结果就是这是由恶魔或者诅咒引起的疾病。医生会用巫术咒语来作为治疗方法。偶尔也会得不出诊断结果,在这种情况下,医生会要求病人休息一阵子,等到可以进行下一次检查为止。
Part V Translation (20%)
Section A
76. It was because he was in a very watery environment, safe fi.om the bacteria that need oxygen to live.
答案:翻译好以下的结构或词语:safe from the bacteria that need oxygen to live. 这里包含一个定语从句,修饰先行词the bacteria(细菌),所以定语从句一个放在先行词的前面去;safe from“免于,没有…的危险”;
千万千万注意适当的增减词语,使句子通顺,符合中文的思维习惯。
参考译文:这是因为他处在一个非常潮湿多水的环境中,免受了需要氧气才能存活的细菌的侵扰。
77. His hands and fingernails suggested that he hadn't done heavy manual work in his life—he could have been a rich man.
答案:需要注意的结构或词语是:suggested,这里应该翻译成为“暗示、表明”,而不是“建议”; he could have been a rich man. 是对过去事情的推测。
参考译文:他的手和手指甲表明他在生活中没有干过重体力活——他生前可能是一个富人。
78. After spending a few minutes on a crowded city street, the brain is less able to hold things in memory, and suffers from reduced self-control.
答案:需要注意的结构或词语是:hold things in memory:记忆事情; suffers from reduced self-control.(suffers from这个短语没有必要翻译出来),就翻译为:自我控制能力下降(减弱);
参考译文:在一条拥挤的城市街道上待上几分钟后,大脑记忆能力不如从前,自我控制能力也减弱了。
79. The good news is that even slight alterations, such as planting more trees in the inner city or creating urban parks with a greater variety of plants, can significantly reduce the negative side effects of city life.
答案:此句子比较长,务必首先把句子主句弄出来:The good news is that even slight alterations, can significantly reduce the negative side effects of city life。主句里面有一个表语从句,我们可以先把主句翻译好:是即使是细微的改变,都能显著减少城市生活消极的影响。
其它次要内容,按照中文思维习惯,放在具体的位置: such as planting more trees in the inner city or creating urban parks with a greater variety of plants:例如在市中心种更多的树或者多建一些植物种类更丰富的市区公园。
然后把两者合起来,参考译文:是即使是细微的改变,例如在市中心种更多的树或者多建一些植物种类更丰富的市区公园,都能显著减少城市生活消极的影响。
80. Previous studies have shown the longer the mom breastfeeds, the more benefit for her body.
答案:the longer the mom breastfeeds, the more benefit for her body。句子中的两个比较级的翻译。
参考译文:先前的研究表明母亲用母乳喂养的时间越长,她身体获得的益处会越多。
SectionB 一网支招:千万千万注意①时态和语态,即语言环境和主动语态和被动语态;②句子的主干;③注意词语与词形的转换;④符合英语的思维习惯。
81.在房子前面的大树下放着一张桌子。
答案:此题目翻译的方法比较灵活:时态我们用一般现在时。
㈠有一张桌子在树下房屋前面:There is a table under the big tree in front of the house。
㈡用现在完成时:我们放了一张桌子在树下房屋前面:We have put/ settled a table under the big tree in front of the house。
82.他二十七岁时开始学英语。
答案:此题目存在两个动词:开始、学。我们用“开始”做谓语,“学”做非谓语,先“开始”后“学英语”,所以“学英语”用动词不定式:to learn English;时态:用一般过去时;“他二十七岁时”翻译为一个状语从句:when he was 27.
所以正确的翻译是:He started to learn English when he was 27.
83.全球化也正在改变人们的生活方式。
答案:一个词语:全球化Globalization ;人们的生活方式,可以翻译为一个定语从句:人们生活的方式( the way people live)也可以是:People's life style,当然没有前面的翻译高级;时态:当然用现在进行时,“改变的动作正在持续”(is changing)。
正确的翻译是:Globalization is also changing the way people live。
84.这部电影我已经看过好几遍了。
答案:时态是:现在完成时;几次:several times;注意“几次”前面加上介词for。
正确的翻译是:I have seen this film for several times。
85.这就是他五年前住过的房子。
答案:句子的主句是:作者就是房子;他住过的:修饰先行词“房子”,所以这里需要翻译为定语从句;时态:主句(一般现在时,因为房子现在仍然还在。);从句(一般过去时,住的动作发生在五年以前);连词的选择:定语从句的谓语动词(lived),是一个不及物动词,不需要宾语,所以从句已经完整,先行词是地点,选择关系副词:where 。
正确的翻译是:This is the house where he lived five years ago。
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