学位英语考试自测习题及答案二十六

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学位英语考试自测习题及答案二十六

Directions: There are 15 short incomplete dialogues in this part, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre.

1. Black:Let me introduce myself. I’m Andrew Black.

Keith:______

A. It’s a pleasure. B. Pleased to meet you.

C. How are you? D. Nice meeting you.

2. Todd:Do you think it will snow this evening?

Lily:______

A. I hope it not. B. I don’t think so.

C. Who is that? D. Who’s is it?

3. Lucy:I’m Lucy. My teacher asked me to visit you.

Juliet:______ Come in and sit down, please.

A. Nice to meet you. B. That’s a good idea.

C. That’s all right. D. Why don’t they come?

4. Norma:How can I learn to cook well?

Kyle:______

A. What a pity!

B. Why don’t you follow your teacher’s advice?

C. But I’m afraid it’s useless.

D. Any reason for that?

5. Basil:I won’t have beer any more.

Lois:______

A. So do I. B. So will I.

C. Nor do I. D. Neither will I.

6. Harry:Do you mind my smoking here?

Lynn:______

A. Yes, please do. B. No, please don’t.

C. No, I dislike the smell of cigarette. D. Yes, please don’t.

7. Owen:May I use your phone?

Ruth:______

A. It doesn’t matter. B. Go ahead.

C. No, I don’t mind. D. No, you needn’t.

8. Wendy:______?

Wayne:For about two weeks.

A. How long are you going to stay here

B. How soon will you leave this place

C. How often do you come here

D. How many times have you come here

9. Rose:Hello, may I speak to Mr. Green?

Steven:______,I will see if he is in.

A. Don’t put down your phone B. Hold the line a minute

C. Please phone him in five minutes again D. This is John speaking

10. Viola: Excuse me,______?

Rite:I am sorry, I don’t know. I’m new around here.

A. will you please tell me time

B. is there a train time-table

C. can you tell me the best way to the nearest hospital

D. can you show me the map of this city

11. Carol:______?

Jane:I’d like two dozen eggs.

A.What are you doing B. What would you like to do

C. What can I do for you D. What would you like to eat

12. Helen:______Sir, I didn’t quite hear you.

David:I said that nobody but one had got a full mark in the tests.

A. May I ask you a question? B. I am sorry,

C. I beg your Pardon, D. I must say “no” to you,

13. Jimmy:______ May I speak to John?

Tony:John! You are wanted on the telephone.

A. I am Mary. B. My name is Mary.

C. Do you know Mary? D. This is Mary speaking.

14. Rob:How could you say that?

Bert:______, I didn’t mean to hurt you.

A. That’s all right B. I won’t regret

C. I’m really sorry D. Excuse me

15. June:Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?

Judy:______.

A. I don’t believe B. I don’t believe it

C. I believe not so D. I believe not

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(40 points )

Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre.

Human needs seem endless. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view.

The many needs of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears.

The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World War II, these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.

By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared: the “life?enriching” level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called “luxury” items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing.

On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?

A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crim, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

16. According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when ______.

A. he has saved up enough money

B. he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter

C. he has satisfied his hunger

D. he has learned to build houses

17. It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War Ⅱ, most Americans ______.

A. were very rich

B. lived in poverty

C. had the good things on the first three levels

D. did not own automobiles

18. Which of the following is NOT related to “physical satisfaction”?

A. A successful career. B. A comfortable home.

C. A good meal. D. A family car.

19. What is the main concern of man on the fourth level?

A. The more goods the better.

B. The more mental satisfaction the better.

C. The more “luxury” items the better.

D. The more earnings the better.

20. The author tends to think that the fifth level ______.

A. would be little better than the fourth level

B. may be a lot more desirable than the first four

C. can be the last and most satisfying level

D. will become attainable before the government takes actions

In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called “classical conditioning”. This occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with or followed by, a reward or punishment. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associates his mother’s face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion.

The second kind of learning is called “operant conditioning”. This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more.

Every day, we grow and have new experiences. We constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with other people, and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? If a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.

21. The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to ______.

A. teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotions

B. give the general reader an account of two basic kinds of learning

C. give parents some advice on how to modify their children’s emotions through learning

D. discuss with psychologists how positive and negative feelings are produced

22. If your jokes often find a ready echo in a person, you will learn through ______that telling jokes to this person is fun, and you will try with greater efforts to be humorous in his presence.

A. classical conditioning B. neither of them

C. operant conditioning D. some other sorts of conditioning

23. If a child is bitten or startled several times by a dog, he may learn to associate furry animals with pain or startle and thus develop a fear of furry animals. This is a typical example of learning through ______.

A. classical conditioning B. both of them

C. operant conditioning D. neither of them

24. In the third paragraph, the author is ______.

A. discussing how we grow and have new experiences every day

B. talking about learning to modify emotions through operant conditioning

C. concentrating on learning by reading, watching television, interacting with people, and so on

D. using examples to further illustrate learning through classical conditioning

25. In the following paragraphs the author will most probably go on to discuss ______.

A. definitions of positive feelings and negative feelings

B. the third kind of learning

C. further examples of learning through operant conditioning

D. none of the above

Katherine walked into a newspaper office, and demanded to see the editor. Fortunately, the editor was passing the inquiry office when she asked for him. Seeing she was a girl of school age, he thought it might offer him an amusing five minutes between interviews.

Katherine was very rude to him when he told her they didn’t accept schoolgirls. She said she was surprised that the editor of a great London newspaper did not know how to behave like a gentleman. The editor sat back in his chair and laughed heartily. He had never been spoken to like that in his life. He rather liked it for its novelty. After some further conversation, in which Katherine attempted to persuade him that she could do anything he wanted, from writing a leading article to a serial story, she said: “I am not going to leave this room until you put me on the staff!”

Then the editor had to speak to her rather seriously, and told her what a great London newspaper meant to a girl and how utterly ignorant she was of everything that would make her useful as a journalist. Upon this Katherine burst into tears, and the editor, who had dismissed many men in the course of his career, walked up and down the room wondering what he could do for this extraordinary young girl whose tearful eyes were so full of disappointment.

“Look here,” he said, “if you come to me in two years’ time, with a knowledge of shorthand, and if you promise not to shed tears on my blotting?paper, I will give you something to do.”

“Really? If you don’t mind, I’ll have it in black and white,” said the girl.

The editor was startled. He began to think that this young girl was not so young as she looked. He drafted out an agreement for her on the lines laid down with a great deal of solemnity (严肃) which he found quite amusing, for he was confident that the young girl might quite as well change her mind or would be engaged to a nice boy long before the agreement took effect.

26. The real reason why the editor decided to interview the girl was that he ______.

A. heard her asking for him B. was not very busy

C. thought it would amuse him D. liked to work with young girls

27. “He rather liked it for its novelty” means he liked it because it was ______.

A. unusual B. pleasant C. courageous D. friendly

28. The editor walked up and down the room, because he was ______.

A. rather angry with her

B. afraid other people would hear her crying

C. not sure whether he should dismiss her or not

D. trying to make a decision

29. As their conversation continued, the editor ______.

A. changed his opinion of the girl B. grew tired of her

C. became annoyed D. thought she was too uneducated

30. When the editor drafted out the agreement for the girl, he ______.

A. hoped that this would please the girl

B. wished that it would take effect soon

C. adopted a rather serious attitude

D. didn’t mean what he wrote

Like fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last. And good writers, like good cooks, do not suddenly appear full?blown. Quite the contrary, just as the cook has to undergo an intensive training, mastering the skills of his trade, the writer must sit at his desk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing, whatever its purpose—school work, matters of business, or purely social communication. You may be sure that the more painstaking the effort, the more effective the writing, and the more rewarding.

There are still some remote places in the world where you might find a public scribe to do your business or social writing for you, for a fee. There are a few managers who are lucky enough to have the service of that rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note to work from. But for most of us, if there is any writing to be done, we have to do it ourselves.

We have to write school papers, business papers or home papers. We are constantly called on to put words to paper. It would be difficult to count the number of such words, messages, letters, and reports put into the mails or delivered by hand, but the daily figure must be enormous. What is more, everyone who writes expects, or at least hopes, that his writing will be read. We want to arouse(引起) and hold the interest of the readers. We want whatever we write to be read, from first word to last, not just thrown into some “letters to be read” file or into a wastepaper basket. This is the reason we bend our efforts toward learning and practicing the skills of interesting, effective writing.

31. In this passage, good writing is compared to fine food because ______.

A. both writers and cooks have to work long hours every day

B. both are essential to life

C. both are enjoyable

D. both writers and cooks can earn a good living

32. A public “scribe” (Para.2) is ______.

A. a secretary who does your business or social writing

B. a machine that does writing for you

C. a public school where writing is taught

D. a person who earns a living by writing for others

33. According to the passage, some managers don’t have to do any letter writing because ______.

A. they rely on quick notes B. they have a computer to do it

C. they have excellent secretaries D. they prefer making phone calls

34. According to the author, if your letter is thrown into some “letters?to be read” file, ______.

A. it will receive immediate attention

B. it is likely to be neglected

C. it will be dealt with by the secretary

D. it is meant to be delivered soon

35. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is ______.

A. to argue and demonstrate B. to comment and criticize

C. to interest and entertain D. to explain and persuade

PartⅠ Dialogue Completion(15 points)

1. [答案]B

【精析】在别人介绍自己以后，应该说“见到你很高兴。”选项B符合题意。D也有此意，但只用于两人初次见面交谈后即将分别时。

2. [答案]B

【精析】“Do you think it will snow this evening?”的意思是：“你认为今晚会下雪吗?”选项B(我认为不会下雪)符合题意。选项A(我希望不会)不符合题意。选项C、D都是特殊疑问句，很明显不符合题意。

3. [答案]A

【精析】“I’m Lucy. My teacher asked me to visit you.”是自我介绍，与第1题同，因而只有选项A正确，其他选项都不符合题意。

4. [答案]B

【精析】“How can I learn to cook well?”的意思是：“我怎么样才能学好做饭呢?”“Why don’t you…”是一种给别人提建议的方式，选项B(为什么不照老师说的去做呢?)符合题意。选项A(真可惜)、选项C(我担心着可能没用)、选项D(有原因吗?)都不符合题意。

5. [答案]D

【精析】“I won’t have beer any more.”的意思是“我不会再喝啤酒了。”题中为情态动词will的否定形式，那么与之相对应的应该是选项D(我也不会)。选项A用于肯定句中。

6. [答案]D

【精析】“Do you mind my smoking here?”的意思是：“你介意我在这里抽烟吗?”选项D(是的，我介意，请不要在这里吸烟)与题意相符，其他选项都自相矛盾。

7. [答案]B

【精析】Owen说：“我可以用你的电话吗?”Ruth说：“好，用吧。”只有B项符合。而选项A(没关系)，选项C(不，我不介意)，选项D(不，你不需要)均不符合题意。

8. [答案]A

【精析】选项A“你准备在这里待多久?”;选项B“你什么时候离开这里?”;选项C“你多久来这里一次?”;选项D“你来过这里多少次了?”。根据题意应选A。

9. [答案]B

【精析】电话用语。Rose想和Mr. Green说话，Steven让她不要挂断。“不要挂断，等一下”的表达方式是“Hold the line a minute”或“Hold the line, please”,因而选B。

10. [答案]C

【精析】选项A问的是时间，选项B问的是列车时刻表，选项C是问路，选项D也是一般疑问句。由答句可以看出只有选项C符合题意。

11. [答案]C

【精析】从答语中可知是某顾客在购物，只有选项C(我能帮你做点什么吗?)习惯用于店员对顾客的招呼语。选项A(你在干什么?)、选项B(你想干什么?)、选项D(你想吃什么?)都过于直接。

12. [答案]C

【精析】“I didn’t quite hear you.”意为：“我没有听清楚你说的话。”“I beg your pardon”在请求别人原谅或没听清楚对方所说的话时使用，选项A(我可以问你一个问题吗?)、选项B(对不起)、选项D(我绝不同意)都不合题意。

13. [答案]D

【精析】电话用语。在电话中介绍自己时，不用“I am”或“my name is”，而用“this is…”，故选D。

14. [答案]C

【精析】回答中说：“我原不想伤害你。”说明前面一句应该是表达抱歉的用语，因而选择C。而选项A(没关系)用于回答别人的道歉或感谢;选项D用于打扰别人时。

15. [答案]D

【精析】表达“我相信不会……”时，not不能提前，如“I am afraid not”，因而排除选项A、B，选项C中的“so”多余，因此只能选D。

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (40 points )

16. [答案]C

【精析】本题答案对应于第一、三段。文章的第一段提到一个人有了吃的就会想到再要件衣服，第三段又说最基本的需求是食物，这个层次的需求得到满足后人就会考虑服装和住的地方。综合判断，所以选C，即他不再饥饿后就会产生对住处和衣服的需求。

17. [答案]D

【精析】文章第三段中说第二次世界大战结束时，对于大多数美国人来说，食品、服装以及住所的需求都满足了，然后第三个层次的需求，包括汽车和新房子便出现了。这说明第二次世界大战结束时大多数美国人还没有汽车。A“很富有”，意思不明。B“生活在贫困中”，不符合文意。C“满足了前三个层次的需求”，也不正确，因为这时第三个层次的需求才刚刚出现。

18. [答案]A

【精析】本题答案对应于文章的第四段，第四段第三行说physical satisfaction包括食物、生活舒适、有安全感、有交通工具，在B、C、D中都有体现。故选A。

19. [答案]B

【精析】本题答案对应文章第四段，其中第四行this level，也就是第四个层次的需求强调的是精神需求，所以选B。

20. [答案]B

【精析】本题考查考生对作者意思的整体把握。先看A“比第四个层次要好一些”，意思含糊。C“是最终的、最令人满意的需求层次”，太绝对。D“在政府采取行动之前就能实现”，不合文意。文章说第五个层次的需求要通过集体行动实现，即人们付钱给政府，让其对抗疾病、愚昧、犯罪与不公。可见这要在政府采取行动后实现。而B的意思是“比前四个层次的需求更值得拥有”，这是正确的。

21. [答案]B

【精析】通读全文可看出，文章主要是关于两个定义的讲述：一种是“经典性条件反射”，一种是“操作性条件反射”。文章对这两种模式进行了解释，因此读懂两个定义是非常关键的。所以选B，其他三项均不全面。

22. [答案]C

【精析】从文章第二段可知，“operant conditioning”是“learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments.”因此题目中的例子是“操作性条件反射”。

23. [答案]A

【精析】从文章第一段可知，“classical conditioning”是“This occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with or followed by, a reward or punishment.”因此题目中的例子是“经典性条件反射”。答案为A。

24. [答案]D

【精析】第三段所举例子都是为了进一步说明经典性条件反射。

25. [答案]C

【精析】从文章结构来看，文章一开始就说明了学习的两种模式，而后又分别定义这两种模式——“经典性条件反射”和“操作性条件反射”。第三段是举例进一步说明经典性条件反射，由此可以推断下一段将举例进一步说明操作性条件反射。故选C。

26. [答案]C

【精析】Seeing she was a girl of school age, he thought it might offer him an amusing five minutes between interviews.故选C。

27. [答案]A

【精析】He had never been spoken to like that in his life. He rather liked it for its novelty.根据上下文推测只有unusual正确。

28. [答案]D

【精析】walked up and down the room wondering what he could do for this extraordinary young girl whose tearful eyes were so full of disappointment.此题要读出wondering后面的意思，因此选D。

29. [答案]A

【精析】The editor was startled. He began to think that this young girl was not so young as she looked. 从编辑见到这个女孩刚开始的应付状态，到最后这个编辑对女孩的谈吐很吃惊，考虑给她一个答复，可以看出编辑逐步改变对这个女孩的认识及看法。

30. [答案]D

【精析】文章最后结尾for he was confident that the young girl might quite as well change her mind or would be engaged to a nice boy long before the agreement took effect. 表明了D的意思。

31. [答案]C

【精析】文章第一段Like fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last. 故C正确。

32. [答案]D

【精析】文章第二段where you might find a public scribe to do your business or social writing for you, for a fee. 此题的关键是读出to后面的句子，是对scribe的补充说明。

33. [答案]C

【精析】文章第二段末尾There are a few managers who are lucky enough to have the service of that rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note to work from.故选C。

34. [答案]B

【精析】文章第三段What is more, everyone who writes expects, or at least hopes, that his writing will be read. We want to arouse(引起) and hold the interest of the readers. We want whatever we write to be read, from first word to last, not just thrown into some “letters?to?be?read” file or into a wastepaper basket.可知，写作是为了让人阅读，以引起和保持读者的兴趣，而不是……。故选B。

35. [答案]D

【精析】文章用了比喻，把好文章比喻成美味的食品，又举例说明好文章效果，说服人们要练好书写。故选D。

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