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2022年成人学位英语考试考前训练题88
Part II Cloze (15 points)
A previously unknown disease，SARS has entered our daily vocabulary.Now we live in its _21.While SARS 22 center stage, an ancient and more infection disease is 23 its ugly head. That disease is panic or irrational fear.
We need to have a healthy fear for SARS and to take prudent 24 in preventing its spread. But panic fear creates 25 it fears. The panic which is generated by SARS will 26our immune system which 27us more susceptible 28 this dreaded disease.
While SARS is known to 29 transmitted through close personal contact, fear is transmitted through all forms of media, including email. Only an 30SARS patient can transmit SARS to others. But fear can be transmitted by anyone, sometimes even with the best of intentions. As we know, fear about it does hurt us. So, how do we 31 with fear?
Admit our fear and keep moving 32 by living our lives as normally as possible whiletaking necessary precautions. For example, it is 33 to stop shaking the hand of a healthyfriend. At the same time, it is always a good practice to wash our hands before a meal – this _34 be done whether or not SARS 35 . Accept fear as a price of progress. SARS will hit us or it won't. Our fear will not positively change the outcome.
21 A. shade B. shadow C. silhouette D. image
22 A. takes B. is taking C. has been taken D. has taken
23 A. raising B. rising C. arising D. elevating
24 A. root B. risks C. steps D. place
25 A. that B if C. whose D. what
26 A. weaken B. disable C. lessen D. cripple
27 A. make B. makes C. making D. made
28 A. for B. with C. to D. at
29 A. be B. being C. have been D. have
30 A. infection B. infect C. infecting D. infected
31 A. work B. deal C. cut D. gat away
32 A. forward B. about C. down D. away
33 A. idiot B. silly C. ridiculous D. foolish
34 A. could B. may C. must D. should
35 A. persists B. consists C. exists D. insists
Part III Reading Comprehension ( 30 minutes, 20 points)
Passage 1
It may look like just another playgroup, but a unique educational center in Manhattan is really giving babies something to talk about. "It's a school to teach languages to babies and young children with games, songs--some of the classes also have arts and crafts," said Francois Thibaut, the founder of the Langrage Workshop for Children, a place where babies become bilingual.
Children as young as few months are exposed to French and Spanish before many of them can even speak English. Educators use special songs and visual (视觉的) aids to ensure that when a child is ready to talk, the languages will not be so foreign. "Children have a unique capacity to learn many languages at the same time," said Thibaut. "Already at nine months, a child can tell the differences between the sounds he or she has heard since birth and the sounds he or she has never heard yet." Thibaut says the best time to expose children to language is from birth to 3 years old. For the last 30 years, the school has been using what it calls the Thibarut Technique, a system that combines language lessons with child's play.
“I always wanted to learn Spanish, but by the time I got to high school it was too late to pick it up and speak fluently,” said Marc Lazare, who enrolled his son at the school. "I figured at this age, two, it's a perfect time for him to learn.”
Aside from learning a language, the kids also gain a tremendous sense of confidence. One young student boasted that aside from French, she can speak five languages (though that included "monkey" and "lion"). The school gives children the tools to communicate, and sometimes that gives them an advantage over their parents. "I think they sometimes speak French when they think I won’t understand them,” said parent Foster Gibbons
Depending on the age group, classes run from 45 minutes up to 2 hours. Even when the students are not in class, the program is designed to make sure the learning continues at home. Tapes and books are included so kids can practice on their own. ( 359 )
41. The word "bilingual" in the first paragraph probably means ______.
A. capable of using two languages B. both clever and confident
C. aware of their own limitations and strengths D. independent of their parents
42. The passage tells us that the best time for a child to learn languages is ______.
A. before seven years old B. from birth to three years old C. in his childhood D. in his teens
43. According to Thibaut, it is possible _____________.
A. for children to take advantage of their parents by using a foreign language
B. to expose children to a foreign language after they can speak
C. to combine language lessons with sports games
D. for children to learn several languages at the same time
44. The school teaches language by _______________.
A. exposing children to the new environment B. using modern facilities and equipment
C. combining language lessons with games D. giving children confidence
45. The best title for this text is __________________.
A. A Unique Language School for Children B. The Foreign Language for Children to Learn
C. Special Songs and Visual Aids in Learning D. The Best Way to Learn a Foreign Language
Passage 2
The differences in living standards around the world are vast. In 1993, the average American had an income of about $25,000. In the same year, the average Mexican earned $7,000, and the average Nigerian earned $1,500. Not surprisingly, this large variation in average income is reflected in various measures of the quality of life. Changes in living standards over time are also large. In the United States, incomes have historically grown about 2 percent per year (after adjusting for changes in the cost of living). At this rate, average income doubles every 35 years. In some countries, economic growth has been even more rapid. In Japan, for instance, average income has doubled in the past 20 years, and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years.
What explains these large differences in living standards among countries and over time? The answer is surprisingly simple. Almost all variation in living standards is attributable to differences in countries' productivity—that is, the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker's time. In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time, most people enjoy a high standard of living; in nations where workers are less productive, most people must endure a more meager existence. Similarly, the growth rate of a nation's productivity determines the growth rate of its average income.
The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple, but its implications are far-reaching. If productivity is the primary determinant of living standards, other explanations must be of secondary importance. For example, people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century. Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity.
The relationship between productivity and living standards also has great implications for public policy. When thinking about how any policy will affect living standards, the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and services. To improve living standards, policymakers need to raise productivity by ensuring that workers are well educated, have the tools needed to produce goods and services, and have access to the best available technology.
46. Which of the following countries has enjoyed the fastest economic growth in history?
A. Mexico. B. The United States C. Japan D. South Korea.
47. The Word “meager'’ in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to “____”
A.modest B. poor C.meaningless D.plentiful
48. What is the most important factor that leads to the rise in living standards of average people?
A.Labor unions B.Minimum-wage laws C.Rising productivity. D.Favorable public policy
49. The study of the relationship between productivity and living standards is significant that_______________.
A.it calls policymakers’ attention to a qualified work force
B.it encourages workers to get better education
C.it helps improve the workers’ ability to produce goods ands services
D.it enables policymakers to access the latest technology
50. The passage mainly discusses______
A.the differences in average income among countries B.the relationship between productivity and living standards
C.the causes of the rise in living standards D.the importance of raising productivity
Passage 3
Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships.
Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presents a problem.
Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challenged, but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment in the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.
As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professor: one is the time needed to keep on with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually “made” in the elementary schools, scientists can be “lost” by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research, but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess, and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professors unwilling to teach can be called “distinguished research investigators” or something else.
The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and a great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities. ( 389 )
51. What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?
A. It is wrong to overestimate the importance of teaching. B. Teaching and research are contradictory to each other.
C. Research can never be emphasized too much.
D. The relationship between teaching and research should not be simplified.
52. In academic promotions research universities still attach more importance to research partly because ______.
A. research improves the quality of teaching
B. students who want to be challenged appreciate research professors
C. it is difficult to evaluate teaching quality objectively
D. professors with achievements in research are usually responsible and tough
53. According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the author probably agree with?
A. Distinguished professors at research universities should concentrate on research only.
B. The separation of teaching from research can lower the quality of future scientists.
C. It is of utmost importance to improve teaching in elementary schools in order to train new scientists.
D. The rapid developments of modern science makes it impossible to combine teaching with research.
54. The title of professor should be given only to those who, first and foremost, do ______.
A. teaching B. field work C. scientific research D. investigation
55. The phrase “the problem” (Para. 5, Line 3) refers to ______.
A. raising the status of teaching B. the combination of teaching with research
C. the separation of teaching from research D. improving the status of research
Passage 4
There are a number of formats for reporting research, such as articles to appear in journals, reports addressed to funding agencies, theses or dissertations as part of the requirements for university degrees, and papers to be presented at conferences. These formats differ from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences whom they address. We will now briefly describe them.
The journal article is a way of reporting research for professional journals or edited collections. The research is reporting in a brief, yet informative way, focusing mostly on the main features of the research such as the purpose, review of the literature (often referred to as "background"), procedures used for carrying out the research accompanied by tables, charts, and graphs, and interpretations of the results (often referred to as discussion).
The content and emphasis of the journal article will vary according to the intended readers (research or practitioners) and it is important for the researcher to be aware of the background and interest of the readers of the journal. Articles intended to be read by practitioners will emphasize the practical implications and recommendations of the research, while articles intended to be read by researchers will describe in detail the method used to collect data, the construction of data collection procedures, and the techniques used for analyzing the data. It is important for the novice researcher to be aware of the fact that articles submitted to journals go through a process of evaluation by experts who make a judgment and recommend whether they should be published or not.
The thesis or dissertation is a format for reporting research which graduate students write as part of fulfilling the requirements for an advanced academic degree. The student is expected to describe in great detail all the phases of the research so it can be examined and evaluated carefully by the reader. Thus the thesis or dissertation includes the purpose and significance of the study, the rationale, a thorough review of the literature, detailed information as to the research tools and the procedures involved in their development, a description of data analysis and the results, and an interpretation of the results in the form of conclusions, implications, and recommendation. This detailed description of the process of the research is needed to provide the professors with an indication of the student's ability to carry out research.
The conference paper is a way of reporting research at conferences, seminars and colloquia. At such meetings research papers are usually presented orally. They are similar to the research article since research is reported in a concise, yet informative way, focusing on the most essential elements of the research. Handouts and transparencies can also accompany the presentations. As with the research article, here too, the content and emphasis of the oral report will depend to a large extent on the type of audience present at the meeting, and whether they are researchers or practitioners ( 486 )
56. The best title for this passage could be ______
A. Types of Research Reports B. Types of Journal Articles
C. Writing of research Reports D. Writing of Different Articles
57. The common aspect for the journal articles, theses and conference papers lies in that
A. they are all for the practitioners B. they are all to be read by researchers
C. they are all for being published D. they are all forms of reporting research
58. We can distinguish those research reports from each other mainly through __
A. their writing style and length B. their aims and possible audiences
C. their presented places and time D. their content and purposes
59. Which of the following statements is not mentioned in this passage?
A. Both journal articles and conference papers are reported in a brief and informative way
B. All the theses or dissertations and conference papers are reported in spoken languages.
C. Both the journal articles and conference papers are influenced greatly by the intended receivers.
D. The various formats of research reports may be presented in different ways.
60. How can a professor evaluate a student's capability of implementing the research.*
A. By concentrating on the main factors like the purpose, background, procedures and discussion:
B. By emphasizing the practical implications and recommendations of the research.
C. By focusing on the detailed description of the process of the research such as the tools, process the process of data analysis, the results, and conclusions etc.
D. By noticing the detailed method used to collect the data, the construction of the data collection procedures, the techniques for analyzing the date and results etc.
Paper Two
Part IV Reading and Answering Questions (25 minutes, 10 points)
There is a difference between the state and the law, and I want to describe how, in one crucial sense, family law has" left us alone" too much in the last generation. Family law can regulate family life by answering two very different questions: (1) Should the law define the kinds of relationship and moral commitments that qualify to be protected as "families"? (2) Should the state be allowed to intervene in ongoing family life?
Recent family law has been saying no to the first question and yes to the second. Thus the trend in most countries today is toward letting people decide for themselves how and when to form and dissolve marriages and child-care ties. The law imposes few moral commitments on these laissez-faire relationships, but then it encourages broad state intrusion when trying to bandage the wounds among the personal causalities within the family anarchy it has created. By giving higher priority to personal convenience than to family obligation, this legal approach undermines family member's entire sense of commitment and belonging to each other.
As a result, we are seeing more single parents than ever before, more illegitimacy, more unmarried cohabitation, and fewer parents really committed to their children. Moreover, many family members now believe their most basic right is to be left alone not left alone by the state, but by each other, even in the family. Indeed, many are quite willing to invoke state power to protect themselves from other family members.
Questions :
What role should the family law play in protecting the family institution? Is the writer satisfied with the status quo of the family institution? Why or why not?
Part V Translation ( 30 minutes, 20 points)
Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)
一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗?提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难;但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待劳动、工作等等的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。
古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。
Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Put the following into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.
For people who are fascinated with the lives of public figures there are some forms of media devoted exclusively to this topic. They can satisfy their curiosity by buying fan magazines and watching TV shows devoted to entertainment news. The general media should present all types of information because people have different interests. Furthermore, the practice of dwelling on the private lives of celebrities can lead people to pay more attention to these matters than they otherwise would. Perhaps most importantly, the media should respect the privacy of every individual, including public figures. They may have chosen to be in the public eye, but that does not give the public the right to know everything about them. Moreover, many stories about celebrities are untrue; they are only gossip reported to increase sales of magazines and other media. They are unfair to the famous and mislead the public.
For all of these reasons, I believe that the media should pay more attention to matters other than the private lives of public figures. In this way, they can appeal to a wider audience and encourage people to develop other interests.
Part VI. Writing (30minutes, 15 points)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Should We still Cherish Chinese Traditional Virtues. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:
1. 当今的年轻人越来越强调个性发展;2. 发展个性是否意味着忽视中国的传统美德;3. 你的观点。
参考答案
Section II Cloze (20 x 0.5 =10 points)
21-- 25 BDACD 26—30 ABCAD 31-- 35 BACDC
Section III Reading Comprehension ( 20x2=40 points )
41--45 ABDCA 46—50 DBCAB 51—55 DCBAC 56—60 ADBBC
参考译文：What is the significance of life? Is there any criterion for its measurement? Difficult as it is to advance an absolute one, it will not be so to judge the very meaning of one’s existence generally from whether he is serious about life and what his attitudes are towards work and life.Throughout the ages, all people of accomplishment take their lives seriously. As long as they are alive, they would rather devote themselves to more work and study than let a single minute slip by in vain. And the same is true of the common labourers as well as the great statesmen and thinkers in our country.
翻译答案：
因为有些人对于公众人物的私生活十分着迷，所以有些媒体就专做这个主题。通过购买针对歌迷或影迷所发行的杂志和观看电视节目的娱乐新闻，就能满足这些歌迷和影迷的好奇心。一般媒体应该提供所有类型的资讯，因为人们的兴趣各不相同。此外，老是强调名人的私生活，会使人们比平常更注意这些事情。或许最重要的是，媒体应该尊重个人的隐私，包括公众人物的隐私。他们可能选择公开露面或上传播媒体，但那并不表示大众有权知道他们的一切。此外，许多关于名人的报导并不真实;那些报导只不过是被用来增加杂志销售量以及其他媒体业绩的八卦传闻。那些不实的报导不仅对名人不公平，也会误导大众。
基于这些理由，我认为媒体应该多注意公众人物私生活以外的事情。如此一来，媒体就能吸引更广大的受众群，并且鼓励人们培养其他的兴趣
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